Should Abortion Be Legalized Active Euthanasia Essay

Montana, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington. The first state to legalize active euthanasia was Oregon in 1994. In 2015, California legalized active euthanasia, making it the most recent state to do so. In all states that active euthanasia is legal, patients who wish to undergo euthanasia must comply with the criteria to be eligible. All patients must be 18 years old or older and must be terminally ill with six months or less of life expectancy. Patients must then give two verbal requests to their physician no fewer than two weeks apart from one another. Then a patient must give a written order to the physician requesting euthanasia. After all of these steps have been completed, a patient may then receive euthanasia by receiving a lethal dose of medication. Because life and death hang in the balance, the right to die movement can provoke a variety of very strong emotions. As is the case with any topic, there are many differing views and opinions in regards to the right to die. Some health care professionals are very supportive of the idea while others are very opposed. This is no surprise as each individual has his or her own unique feelings about death and what EOL care should look like. It is important that health care providers, nurses and physicians alike, are familiar with the ethical codes that they are sworn to uphold. For physicians, the right to die movement arguably presents a greater ethical dilemma than it does for nurses. In the five states where physician-assistedShow MoreRelatedShould Euthanasia Be Legalized? Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å" To insist on artificially maintaining existence without regard for its condition is a degradation of the meaning of life, not a promotion of it (Cockeram 33) .† Many adults perceive euthanasia as a murderous act that involves cruel and unusual pain; when in fact, it is usually a method that helps the individual reach their demise in a less miserable manor. Immigrants to the United States are inclined to become a citizen, not for the beautiful geography, but because the U.S. is one of the few countriesRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Euthanasia752 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia is the termination of a very sick person’s life in order to relieve them of their pain and suffering. Euthanasia is from a Greek word meaning easy death. The person who undergoes euthanasia usually has an incurable condition and in some cases wants their life to be ended. Euthanasia can be done at the request of a person which is voluntary but at the same time if a per is too sick and i s unable to make the decision the family/next of kin inline, do chose or the court makes the decisionRead MoreWebsite Analysis of National Right to Life Committee (NRLC)696 Words   |  3 PagesMovement, Abortion, Assisted Suicide, Life, Organization. Introduction National Right to Life Committee(NRLC) is the second oldest and largest pro-life organization in the United States. This social movement organization deals with several life-related issues like abortion, assisted suicide or euthanasia, cloning, Medicare issues and so on. However, my focus topics are â€Å"Abortion† and â€Å"Assisted Suicide/ Euthanasia† because these are the two most common issues life-related issues. Abortion The rateRead MoreThe Hidden Potential Of Euthanasia1006 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hidden Potential of Euthanasia When people think of the term â€Å"dying with dignity† they will usually picture themselves living a very fulfilling life where everyone saw them as some sort of hero. Maybe they want to be seen as someone who was strong and kept up with a battle to fight disease. This same image could come to mind with a person who chose to take their own life rather than let a disease or terminal illness be the reason for them dying. There are very few people that imagine dyingRead MorePsysician Assicted Suicide1071 Words   |  4 Pagesclearly was not. He heard her desperate plead and decided to help. He used his own invention called the Suicide Machine: a way of killing an ill patient by means of injecting lethal drugs into the patient via an IV, an example of active euthanasia. Active euthanasia occurs when an action is done with the intention of ending a persons life, such as injecting a fatal drug or medication. Finally, in a public park inside his Volkswagen van, Kevorkian attache d the IV to Jane and administered the drugsRead MoreLegalizing Active Euthanasia953 Words   |  4 PagesEthics Euthanasia is the act of killing a patient who is undergoing a very serious painful disease that can’t be cured. The killing process involved does not involve any pain. There are different classification of euthanasia; involuntary and voluntary, non-voluntary, passive and active euthanasia. Active euthanasia refers to the painless killing of a patient using poison. It is done by administering any poisonous injection to the hopeless patient (Wennberg 175). People across the world, includingRead More Assisted Suicide Or Euthanasia Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pages ASSISTED SUICIDE or euthanasia On July 26, 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that criminalized assisted suicide. As of April 1999, physicians-assisted suicide is illegal in all but a couple of states. Over thirty states have established laws prohibiting assisted suicide, and of those who don’t have statues, a number of them prohibit it through common law. In Michigan, Jack Kevorkian was initially charged with violating the state statue. HeRead More Euthanasia Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia Euthanasia, specifically voluntary euthanasia has been a taboo subject for many decades in this, and other countries. Euthanasia, as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary – bringing about of this, especially in the case of incurable and painful disease- comes from the Greek word euthanatos, meaning – a gentle and easy death. It is commonly known as death with dignity given to those who want the choice to die. No one can prevent death. The can only prolong it. Many people solicitRead MoreEuthanasia Is Painless Killing Of A Patient1435 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia is painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma, also means to take a deliberate action with the express intention of ending a life to relieve intractable suffering. Some interpret as the practice of ending life in a mercy killing, assisted suicide, and soft slow suicide. There are two main classifications of euthanasia. There is Voluntary euthanasia which is conducted with consent. Where the patient decides for themselves toRead More Argumentative Paper: Legalizing Euthanasia1728 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath is a desired alternative to living in agony. Euthanasia has been a topic of debate since antiquity, and both sides stand firm on their beliefs. The right to choose death is illegal in most countries. I believe in people’s freedom to do what they please with their own bodies. The basic right of liberty is what America was founded on. Euthanasia should be a legal option. It’s important to start by understanding the different types of euthanasia. Allowing someone to die is, â€Å"Forgoing or withdrawing

Descriptive Essay A Watery Escape - 880 Words

A watery escape Homeowners often find themselves in a position where they are happy with the way their home looks, yet, wondering at times if there is something to be added or modified. Many things can come to mind when you find yourself in this predicament, and some may ponder the possibility of their own ideas. I would like to take a moment to inject an idea of improvement to your home that you may not have thought of. My suggestion to you is; a pond. Yes, it sounds extravagant, doesn’t it? Well I’m here to tell you that it is not too far-fetched of an idea. I will use this moment of your time, in six easy steps, to show you just how easy it is to create your very own watery escape. Your first step is to decide the appropriate location to break ground. The pond can be in just about any place within your property lines, and it may be any size you choose. You must remember, however, that the bigger the pond, the more expensive it will be. This is mainly due to the fact that you will need a larger pond liner and a more powerful pump. I recommend using a can of spray paint to sketch an outline on the ground of the general shape and size you want the pond to be. Now that you have decided on a location and how large to build your pond, the second step is to make a selection of construction materials based on these dimensions. You will need to purchase a pond liner that will cover the complete volume of your pond. Use your spray paint outline to measure width, length and depth.Show MoreRelatedessay on dickins journey to niagra3989 Words   |  16 Pagesand, from its unfathomable grave arises that tremendous ghost of spray and mist which is never laid, and has been haunting this place with the same dread solemnity--perhaps from the creation of the world (Letters 3: 210-11). In this essay, I analyze Dickenss reaction to Niagara Falls in the context of other British travel narratives from the previous decade, and examine how Niagara speaks to Dickens of life after death (as he describes it above, the falls die and then rise again inRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesprobable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on Columbus Day, October 12. Here is some relevant background information to reduce yourRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesillustrated the meaning and use of words; the great majority of the examples are due to him. Their merit is that they are not translations from English, but natural Igbo sentences elicited only by the stimulus of the word they illustrate. The short essays which appear from time to time (e.g. under otà ¹tà ¹, à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤gbanÌ„je) on aspects of culture are also his work, as are the sketches which served as basis for the illustrations, a large number of new words, and various features of the arrangement. When he had

Under Armour -- Industry Analysis Essay - 999 Words

September 2013 1. Situation analysis A. General Environment Sociocultural/Demographic – Under Armour was able to build its brand image through extensive sponsorship. Under Armour now provides gear to the NFL, MLB, MLS, NHL the USA baseball and Ski teams including other professional leagues abroad. In 2005, Under Armour was supplying over 100 NCAA division I-A football programs and 30 NFL teams. Only four years since its founding Under Armour had become a globally recognized brand, and was still looking for areas to branch into within the performance apparel industry and introduced a women’s and youth line. Technological – Founder, Kevin Plank found a niche, an undershirt that could control the body temperature of the athlete and†¦show more content†¦making the power of the supplier high. 70-75 percent of Under Armour products come from only 8 suppliers that manufacture and distribute their product. Making a product such as athletic shoes is the least difficult part of being in this industry, making a product worth buying and competing at the global level is where most fail when attempting to enter the market. Power of Buyers Buyers want to reduce their costs and purchase a product at a lower or more convenient price for the best quality and service. Buyers have the choice to switch to another product at no cost. Under Armour has developed unique products that its consumers value and are willing to pay more for. Threat of Substitutes – There is a high threat of substitutes in the athletic gear industry especially when competing with companies such as Nike and Adidas who have been around much longer, have the funds to continuously innovate their products and already hold a large market share. Under Armour has used â€Å"authenticity† as it’s guiding principle to grow the company and advertise their products, but if they wish to be the number one brand of athletic gear they will have to appeal to people who are also concerned with the look of the product and not just performance. According to research done by NPD Group, almost 80 percent of activewear is used for non-sports activities. â€Å"Under Armour will need to find aShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Strategy Of Kevin Plank Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesKevin Plank has founded Under Armour after noticing the failure of their sport jersey (Under Armour, 2015). Since that time Under Armour went public and is part of American well-known sport gear mak er. In this pose, the company produces its production focused on inner various sports wears on a global stage (Under Armour, 2015). Identically, Plank’s business becomes emerging in the sport apparel industry. Likewise quality and innovation are important to maintain an acceptable competitive level withRead MoreUnder Armour Company1179 Words   |  5 PagesUnder Armour, founded in 1996 by CEO Kevin Plank, is a non-financial company that is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Under Armour supplies an array of sports equipment, clothing, and sports accessories, but mainly focuses on hi-tech innovative products for athletes. Plank, a former University of Maryland football player created the idea of Under Armour in his grandmother’s basement. Plank noticed during a football practice that his compression shorts would stay dry, however, he hadRead MoreUnder Armour1100 Words   |  5 PagesIBM 4711 International Strategic Management Under Armour: Working to Stay on Top of Its Game Perform a STEEP analysis to understand the general environment facing Under Armour. How will the firm be affected by external factors? Ans. Each factor under STEEP analysis giving Under Armour more information about how company should adapt itself, in order to be survived in the market. Let’s see the effects of these external factors to the company’s strategies each by each. Social factor Demographics Read MoreCompany Analysis Of Under Armour1076 Words   |  5 Pages Company Analysis of Under armour November 4th 2015 Management 300-101 Joshua Cooper 11/15/2015 Analysis of Under Armour Induction: Ever since the creation of the well-known body wear Under Armour in 1996, Kevin Plank s formal University of Maryland football player. The band has under gone rapid expansion and popularity throughout the world today being that it all started in a basement. It has taken over the performance workout apparel market in the United States andRead MoreCase Analysis : Under Armour1367 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis: Under Armour Situation Analysis I chose the article â€Å"Under Armour is Crushing it, Thanks to Steph Curry.† The article began by explaining how Under Armour recently became a dominant company in the sports apparel industry. Footwear sales are up 64% from the first three months of 2016, and overall sales have increased by 30%, largely due to overseas business. The reason for this continued success? Stephen Curry. In 2013, Curry’s contract with Nike expired and he chose to endorse UnderRead MoreThe Under Armour, Inc., And The Adidas Group1634 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This analysis of the Under Armour, Inc., and its subsidiaries is depicted in the paper; Under Armour and its subsidiaries develops, markets, and distributes branded performance apparel, footwear, and accessories for men, women, and youth primarily in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. The company is in direct competition with Nike, Inc. and The Adidas Group. Therefore, this paper will further attempt to evaluate the pressure exertedRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Under Armour987 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary Under Armour is a company that always strives to do better. They are currently trying to expand globally. While Under Armour has higher quality than most of its competitors, the cost of their merchandise is still a lot less than competitors. There are many threats to a highly-competitive sports clothing company such as Under Armor. Like many companies in the retail industry they are faced with the increasing costs of their materials and shipping expenses. Under Armour is trying to connectRead MoreCompetitive Forces Confronting Under Armour, Nike, And The Adidas Group1726 Words   |  7 Pagescompetitive forces confronting Under Armour, Nike, and The Adidas Group? Do a five-forces analysis to support your answer. Under Armour, Nike and Adidas are the top three brands known worldwide. These three companies were able to gain a strong brand to make a name for themselves in the sports apparel market today. On the other hand, Under Armour has become one of the top leading distributing companies to offer athletic apparel, footwear amongst many other things. â€Å"In 2013, Under Armour had a 14.7 percent shareRead MoreThe Impact Of Marketing On The Athletic Apparel Market1233 Words   |  5 Pagested product. Threat of New Entrants is low since the growth rate is expanding in the athletic apparel market and existing industry members are actively reaching into product segments or geographic areas where they do not have a strong presence. There is an entry barriers for new entrants in building a retail distribution, a large reliable supply chain, and securing contracts for endorsements and promotions. The other companies are established and credible brands that work on global scales. A smallerRead MoreMGMT 479 UNDER ARMOUR Powerpoint Group Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesTeam Developed Strategic Audit – Under Armour (UA) { Group #3, MGMT 479C Team Members: WELCOME TO UNDER ARMOUR ® EVERYTHING HERE IS BUILT TO MAKE YOU BETTER. www.underarmour.com Kokou Klu ïÆ'‘ Past Corporate Performance Indexes (2009-2010) ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Strategic Posture ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Mission – â€Å"To make all athletes better through passion, science, and the relentless pursuit of innovation† Objectives – Become â€Å"The athletic brand of this generation. And Next.† Current Strategies ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Decline in footwear

Narni The Lion, The Witch, And Greek Myths - 1801 Words

Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Greek Myths The use of witchcraft has been around for centuries. Witchcraft was paired with the worship of Nature and pagan gods and goddesses. Just like there is a wide variety of people who call themselves witches, there is a wide variety of the types of witchcraft. People have many definitions for the word witch. Realistically speaking, witches do not wear all black with pointy hats and ride on broomsticks. Witches typically use witchcraft as part of worship or as a tool of communication with Nature and/or gods and goddesses. C. S. Lewis, the author of The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe writes his story about: Four children in the magical world of Narnia filled with mythical creatures beyond a wardrobe door. In the book the children battle an evil witch who turned Narnia to an everlasting winter. With a lion named Aslan by the children?s sides, the children are able to defeat the witch and change Narnia back to what it once was. Lew is creates the White Witch, who relates to human and supernatural witches in mythology, to convey how witches have been perceives as evil and cunning, using their magic for selfish reasons, and were expected to act like so. Magic in ancient Greece was traditionally ?associated with foreign, distant places where the rules of civilization did not apply? (Segal 122). In fact, not only Greece, but ?Ancient Egypt, [Greece], and Rome treated magic as if it were science?

A Report That Examines The Role Of Expert And Lay Knowledge In Understanding And Managing Risk Free Essays

This report is going to examine how risks we face in our daily lives rely on different forms of knowledge to create an understanding of them and their consequences. This report will examine how people use expert and lay knowledge about risks in order to live with them. A brief description of risk is provided. We will write a custom essay sample on A Report That Examines The Role Of Expert And Lay Knowledge In Understanding And Managing Risk or any similar topic only for you Order Now The discussion focuses on how we live with risk and interpret expert and lay knowledge regarding risk and risk avoidance. It is also suggested that people make their own choice as to what and how they use information and to what degree of risk they consider acceptable in their lives. This is influenced by the knowledge they have and how they interpret that. Clearly an expert will be in a stronger position to accurately assess risk compared to a lay person. 1. Expert Knowledge – someone that has knowledge, skill and is qualified in a particular subject. 2. Lay Knowledge – someone who does not have specialized knowledge or training in a subject. This report will examine three examples of risk and will detail not only expert information but it will review lay opinion as well. 1. Firstly the cycling and the benefits of wearing helmet will be assessed. 2. Then a case study that detailed an allotment and the hazardous substances found in the soil. 3. The last risk to be observed will be sun exposure, sun tanning and risks and how consumerism can play apart in forming our choices. 1. Our Risky Lives 1. Risk – a state in which there is a possibility of known danger or harm, which if avoided may lead to benefits (Carter and Jordan, 2009). Almost everything we do in life comes with some degree of risk. It is how we interpret the risk that determines how we live. Some risk is taken without thinking, some risk is unavoidable, and in other cases we can reduce the risk or avoid the risk all together. 1. Cycling and the benefits of wearing a helmet Cycling will introduce the idea of risks and risk management in our material lives. Cyclists manage their risk with lights, occasional hand signals and helmets. Cyclists have to negotiate the use of the helmet, whether or not to wear one but not doing so means any injury sustained may be the cyclist’s own fault. One study shown 85 per cent reduction in the risk of head injury among cyclists who wore helmets (Thompson et al., cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009). Other research found that, when car overtakes a cyclist, the car comes significantly closer to a cyclist who wears a helmet (Walker, cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009). Taking both studies into account seems to suggest that if you wear a helmet then you are more likely to have an accident but if you have an accident then you are less likely to have head injuries. 1. Hazardous substances found in the soil Soil on an allotment will show how knowledge of an invisible risk is produced by experts but can be contested and how the allotment users used knowledge to manage the risks. The benefits of a social activity such as gardening were suddenly brought into question by publication of a scientific test on the soil. The material environment changed from being good into something that was dangerous. The soil was safe then became poisonous and then become safe again, all without the soil itself being changed. The existence of two soil tests confirms that even within science there are debates over how best to assess risk. In the case study, the same soil shifted from being safe to dangerous and back again solely as a result of different measurement practices (Carter and Jordan, 2009). This shows how the expert knowledge may or may not influence the decisions people make about managing risk. Gardener did not listen to expert knowledge about safe soil, because two contrasting results of the tests did not feel quite trustworthy. 1. Sun Exposure and expert knowledge of sun risk The last risk to be assessed will be sun exposure and sun tanning and risks. Increasingly over the last number of years dangers of sun exposure and tanning have come to the fore. Even though advice and evidence which has been produced people still continue to expose themselves to the harmful UVA rays. In this section we can look at a second case study of risk and risk management concerning holidaymakers and their attitudes to a tan. To understand the apparently risky practices connected with sun exposure we have to take seriously the ways in which people make sense of expert advice, and measure it against their own knowledge and experiences of the material world in which they live (Carter and   Jordan, 2009). The research conducted by Simon Carter used a mixture of interviews and focus groups with tourist aged 20 and 35 years of age who regularly travelled abroad for holidays. The first thing that this search found was that people could recall health education advice by seeking shade, using a sunscreen or covering the body. People knew what the expert advice said about the dangers of sun. However, people did not fully follow this advice because they had their own ways of understanding and making sense of the healthy and risky elements of their material lives. The knowledge produced by experts was different from that produced by holidaymakers. This distinction between expert and lay knowledge meant that expert knowledge was interpreted rather than followed to the letter by the public (Carter and Jordan, 2009). The expert knowledge does not straightforwardly determine public opinion. 1. Lay knowledge of symbolic risk The effects that the sun has on the body are both a source of material risk, from cancers, and of symbolic risk, such as being peely-wally (Carter and Jordan, 2009). Suntan became a material sign or symbol that is for the visual consumption of other tourists. 1. Beck’s thesis . The examples of sun exposure and of poisoned soil demonstrate how we may have entered into a particular kind of relationship to risk in society today. German sociologist Ulrich Beck examined the move from the Industrial Society in which political deliberations where concerns with the distribution of wealth to a Risk Society that focuses on the distribution of harm (cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009 p. 80). Beck also argues that we have become dependent on external information usually expert knowledge to assess the risks we face, instead of using personal experience or common sense. For example, the allotment holders could not determine the risks contained in their soil, they were told about potential danger by scientific experts. Similarly, the possible risk from sun exposure has to be made clear to people by expert evidence. One of Beck’s main concerns is the role of expert knowledge in defining the risks, whether that risk is nuclear radiation, arsenic in the soil or the sun. 1. Conclusion In modern society much more effort is being put into measuring risk. Experts aim to examine potential hazards and produce evidence that will allow us to make informed decisions. Assessing risk often relies on science and expertise. These are practices which involve choices and assumptions that can create debate. A risk society is one in which calculations of risk become increasingly prominent. Many modern risks are invisible and need experts to make them visible to the public. How to cite A Report That Examines The Role Of Expert And Lay Knowledge In Understanding And Managing Risk, Papers

A Report That Examines The Role Of Expert And Lay Knowledge In Understanding And Managing Risk Free Essays

This report is going to examine how risks we face in our daily lives rely on different forms of knowledge to create an understanding of them and their consequences. This report will examine how people use expert and lay knowledge about risks in order to live with them. A brief description of risk is provided. We will write a custom essay sample on A Report That Examines The Role Of Expert And Lay Knowledge In Understanding And Managing Risk or any similar topic only for you Order Now The discussion focuses on how we live with risk and interpret expert and lay knowledge regarding risk and risk avoidance. It is also suggested that people make their own choice as to what and how they use information and to what degree of risk they consider acceptable in their lives. This is influenced by the knowledge they have and how they interpret that. Clearly an expert will be in a stronger position to accurately assess risk compared to a lay person. 1. Expert Knowledge – someone that has knowledge, skill and is qualified in a particular subject. 2. Lay Knowledge – someone who does not have specialized knowledge or training in a subject. This report will examine three examples of risk and will detail not only expert information but it will review lay opinion as well. 1. Firstly the cycling and the benefits of wearing helmet will be assessed. 2. Then a case study that detailed an allotment and the hazardous substances found in the soil. 3. The last risk to be observed will be sun exposure, sun tanning and risks and how consumerism can play apart in forming our choices. 1. Our Risky Lives 1. Risk – a state in which there is a possibility of known danger or harm, which if avoided may lead to benefits (Carter and Jordan, 2009). Almost everything we do in life comes with some degree of risk. It is how we interpret the risk that determines how we live. Some risk is taken without thinking, some risk is unavoidable, and in other cases we can reduce the risk or avoid the risk all together. 1. Cycling and the benefits of wearing a helmet Cycling will introduce the idea of risks and risk management in our material lives. Cyclists manage their risk with lights, occasional hand signals and helmets. Cyclists have to negotiate the use of the helmet, whether or not to wear one but not doing so means any injury sustained may be the cyclist’s own fault. One study shown 85 per cent reduction in the risk of head injury among cyclists who wore helmets (Thompson et al., cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009). Other research found that, when car overtakes a cyclist, the car comes significantly closer to a cyclist who wears a helmet (Walker, cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009). Taking both studies into account seems to suggest that if you wear a helmet then you are more likely to have an accident but if you have an accident then you are less likely to have head injuries. 1. Hazardous substances found in the soil Soil on an allotment will show how knowledge of an invisible risk is produced by experts but can be contested and how the allotment users used knowledge to manage the risks. The benefits of a social activity such as gardening were suddenly brought into question by publication of a scientific test on the soil. The material environment changed from being good into something that was dangerous. The soil was safe then became poisonous and then become safe again, all without the soil itself being changed. The existence of two soil tests confirms that even within science there are debates over how best to assess risk. In the case study, the same soil shifted from being safe to dangerous and back again solely as a result of different measurement practices (Carter and Jordan, 2009). This shows how the expert knowledge may or may not influence the decisions people make about managing risk. Gardener did not listen to expert knowledge about safe soil, because two contrasting results of the tests did not feel quite trustworthy. 1. Sun Exposure and expert knowledge of sun risk The last risk to be assessed will be sun exposure and sun tanning and risks. Increasingly over the last number of years dangers of sun exposure and tanning have come to the fore. Even though advice and evidence which has been produced people still continue to expose themselves to the harmful UVA rays. In this section we can look at a second case study of risk and risk management concerning holidaymakers and their attitudes to a tan. To understand the apparently risky practices connected with sun exposure we have to take seriously the ways in which people make sense of expert advice, and measure it against their own knowledge and experiences of the material world in which they live (Carter and   Jordan, 2009). The research conducted by Simon Carter used a mixture of interviews and focus groups with tourist aged 20 and 35 years of age who regularly travelled abroad for holidays. The first thing that this search found was that people could recall health education advice by seeking shade, using a sunscreen or covering the body. People knew what the expert advice said about the dangers of sun. However, people did not fully follow this advice because they had their own ways of understanding and making sense of the healthy and risky elements of their material lives. The knowledge produced by experts was different from that produced by holidaymakers. This distinction between expert and lay knowledge meant that expert knowledge was interpreted rather than followed to the letter by the public (Carter and Jordan, 2009). The expert knowledge does not straightforwardly determine public opinion. 1. Lay knowledge of symbolic risk The effects that the sun has on the body are both a source of material risk, from cancers, and of symbolic risk, such as being peely-wally (Carter and Jordan, 2009). Suntan became a material sign or symbol that is for the visual consumption of other tourists. 1. Beck’s thesis . The examples of sun exposure and of poisoned soil demonstrate how we may have entered into a particular kind of relationship to risk in society today. German sociologist Ulrich Beck examined the move from the Industrial Society in which political deliberations where concerns with the distribution of wealth to a Risk Society that focuses on the distribution of harm (cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009 p. 80). Beck also argues that we have become dependent on external information usually expert knowledge to assess the risks we face, instead of using personal experience or common sense. For example, the allotment holders could not determine the risks contained in their soil, they were told about potential danger by scientific experts. Similarly, the possible risk from sun exposure has to be made clear to people by expert evidence. One of Beck’s main concerns is the role of expert knowledge in defining the risks, whether that risk is nuclear radiation, arsenic in the soil or the sun. 1. Conclusion In modern society much more effort is being put into measuring risk. Experts aim to examine potential hazards and produce evidence that will allow us to make informed decisions. Assessing risk often relies on science and expertise. These are practices which involve choices and assumptions that can create debate. A risk society is one in which calculations of risk become increasingly prominent. Many modern risks are invisible and need experts to make them visible to the public. How to cite A Report That Examines The Role Of Expert And Lay Knowledge In Understanding And Managing Risk, Papers

Antigone7 Essay Example For Students

Antigone7 Essay Every classic epic or play has a main character who is, in one way or another, a hero. Whether or not they are righteous heroes is not always the issue, but the fact that they face some sort of challenge and overcome the challenge despite all the odds, is the important issue behind being a hero. In Sophocles play, Antigone, two completely different characters could be considered the heroes of the play. Creon is a ruler of great strength who stands against all odds and remains strong and solid until his fall from power. He is revered as the hero of the play because he is one of the central characters and the play revolves around his actions. Antigone, Oedipus daughter is also revered as the heroine of the play, she is a character of great strength who also fights against the odds and propels the action of the play. However, she meets with a less than noble end when commits suicide at the plays conclusion. The difference between these two characters is that while Creon was strong and f aced his adversaries; he refused to look at the situation from every side and it forced him to fall from power. In the end Antigone turns out to be the hero of this play because her noble and defiant actions against Creon. Her character is more compelling than Creons because she is a true rebel and a martyr who fights strongly for what she believes in. Antigone takes the situation into her own hands and fights for what she believes. She does end up dying by her own hand, but her courageous actions earn her the title of heroine. Antigone is truly a rare character in Greek literature, she is a strong female character written in a time when male characters predominated. Creon was a man who fought a good fight in the face of many adversaries. He maintained his integrity, such as it was, and was able to confront his problems and the events that took place around him. Despite any problems or issues, he remained strong and stable. However his heroism came through the predominately low characteristic of ignorance. While he did finally accept the will of the gods and the people, he did not face the reality with any great strength or recognition. Creons changes and process of learning as time goes by reflect a deeper humanity than the actions of Antigone, who is perhaps braver than believable. Conversely Creons ignorance allows us to gain a greater glimpse into Creons persona, his foibles and fallibility. Because of his lack of strength in the end of the play Creon loses that sense of the hero and becomes another character that helps exemplify the great deed of Antigone. Antigone was an individual who experienced much pain and yet strove to change the realities that faced her. She had courage and strength, the attributes of a heroine, and used those attributes to fight for what she saw as right. She did not necessarily like the truth anymore than Creon, but she would not turn a blind eye to that truth as her father did. She struggled and remained strong to the end, until the tremendous weight of the truth propelled her to a tragic end. The first sign of heroism and determination inherent in Antigone is in her speech when her brother dies, and she displays her determination to see to it that he has a proper burial. She approaches her sister:Creon buried our brother Eteocles with military honors, gave him a soldiers funeral, and it was right that he should; but Polyneices, who fought as bravely and died as miserably, they say Creon has sworn no one shall bury him, no one mourn for him, But his body must lie in the fields, a sweet treasure for carrion b irds to find as they search for food. That is what they say and our good Creon is coming here to announce it publicly; and the penalty stoning to death in the public square! There it is, and now you can prove what you are: A true sister, or a traitor to your family (The Oedipus Cycle p.189). This speech proves that she has no fear of consequence for what she is about to do and proves that she is set on a mission without regard for herself or anyone else. She showed signs that she was not a woman who would back down when confronted with issues of righteousness and truth, no matter the consequences to herself. Her sister, amazed at her determination, was not of the same mind, illustrating to Antigone the consequences that were likely to result from such action. Antigone could well have attempted to deny the fact that she had broken the law, she could have broken down or merely run off thereby instilling a vision of a pathetic and weak character in the readers mind. But she was a chara cter that chose not to run away from the problem at hand. Antigone was still determined, and illustrated that she knew well the consequences of such actions, but yet still claims that she will fight for her brothers rights regardless of the results of her heroic actions. .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc , .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc .postImageUrl , .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc , .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc:hover , .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc:visited , .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc:active { border:0!important; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc:active , .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a02c3c9da5a2c8e923971a66e6de8cc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Characterization of sonnys blues EssayWhile both Antigone and Creon display evidence of being heroic only one character can be the hero of the play. The character who sticks out as doing something radical or extraordinary usually is seen as the hero of the play, but the hero is not known to take their own life because of the pressure of the situation that they were involved in or end up being defeated by the will of the gods. Achilles, from Homers Iliad, chose to go into battle knowing that he was going to lose his life. People of his day and today revere him as a hero even though in essence he committed suicide because it was for a good cause. Antigone did the same thing in a similar situation and should receive the same credit and title as the plays heroine. Bibliography: