Dna Repair Mechanisms And Cell Cycle Control - 988 Words

Saccharomyces cerevisiaes, or baker’s yeasts, unicellular fungi are useful in understanding genetics and molecular biology, due to the ability to quickly map a phenotype-producing gene to a region in their genome. Yeast mutants are used a tool for the study of cellular function, DNA repair mechanisms and cell cycle control. As a model organism, S. cerevisiae is one of the simplest eukaryote organism, having not only most major signaling pathways conserved, but also consisting of a genome of approximately 12.1 million base pairs in sixteen chromosomes. S. cerevisiaes, like other model organisms, have properties that make them suitable for biological studies: rapid growth, easy mutant isolation, a sequenced genetic system and a versatile DNA transformation system, as homologous recombination is used almost exclusively as their DNA repair mechanism. Fully sequenced back in 1996 by Francis Collins, yeast genes are easily engineered and, through bioinformatics and Next Generation Sequencing, are used to investigate the possible gene functions of all the different genes in the yeast genome. This is done by studying the phenotype of strains with disrupted genes, caused by gene knockout or mutations. Furthermore, S. cerevisiaes are useful as a genome reference towards the sequencing of higher eukaryotic genes. These characteristics allow yeasts to be easily exploited for the analysis of gene regulation and the systemic analyses of structure-to-function relationships of proteins.Show MoreRelatedAtus Case Study1186 Words   |  5 PagesIncreased ROS levels in ATII cells in emphysema patients. Normal cellular metabolism leads to the production and elimination of ROS. Their significant amount is generated by mitochondrial electron transport chain. Since ATII cell death is a characteristic feature of emphysema (REF), we hypothesize that these cells isolated from individuals with this disease have high ROS generation and impaired their elimination. This may lead to cell injury and contribute to alveolar wall destruction. We determinedRead MoreTransformation Related Protein 53 : A Tumor Suppressor Gene1300 Words   |  6 Pagessuppressor gene. It was previously thought of as an oncogene. TP53 encodes for a protein, called p53 protein, that helps to regulate the cell cycle and inhibits mutations in the genome as well. Both of these functions help to conserve stability. One of the reasons for TP53’s high importance, and the extensive research on the gene, is its function to suppress cancer cells in multicellular organisms, including humans (Vijayaraj). The gene is located on chromosome seventeen (17p13.1). 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G1 (Restriction) Checkpoint * End of G1, just before onset of the S phase (DNA replication) * Yeast â€Å"start†; other eukaryotes â€Å"restriction point† * The options for the cell at this point: * divide, delay division, or exit the cell cycle * Cells can exit the cell cycle at this point into an arrested stage (G0) * When this checkpoint is passed, cdk4 and cyclin DRead MoreHistone Modification And Its Relation On Schizophrenia Via The Bdnf Gene1000 Words   |  4 Pagesthe DNA methylation machinery teams up with histone acetylation and H3 methylation to generate a self-propagating cycle that promotes long-term transcriptional repression. Thanks to these discoveries, we might have begun to resolve the long-standing mystery of how CpG methylation patterns are established. I hypothesize that it is possible to prevent hypermethylation and hyperacetylation of the H3-histone through various other epigenetic means, such as demethylation and deacetylation mechanisms. 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