Research on ritual with respect to consumption and...

Research on ritual with respect to consumption and holidays has been a growing topic with the support of numerous studies in recent years. However, a clear definition of what ritual entail is of debate between scholars of the social sciences, particularly anthropology, psychology, and sociology. Creating a clear set of criteria to describe what behavior is considered to be of an aspect of ritual or not has been an impossible feat for researchers, instead many definitions have risen from disagreement between the social sciences. Many of these definitions of ritual apply to a particular theory within the constraints of the field of academia which the definition is sourcing from (such as anthropology) and when examined within one field†¦show more content†¦With efforts to resolve the problem of the lack of a clear-cut definition of ritual, anthropologist Rook (1985) attempted to break down the ritual into four components: ritual artifacts, ritual script, ritual roles, and a ritual audience. Ritual artifacts are items that are in some way symbolic to a message that reflects the ritual experience, including objects that are tangible or a symbol (i.e. icons, logos, mythological characters, or significant colors) (Doulgas Isherwood, 1996). Artifacts can also be representative of gifts for exchange used for communication and forming relationships. Much like a cognitive script, a ritual script is a conception of the use of ritual artifacts and their relationship to a sequence of actions, which occur within the ritual experience. Scripts form expectations of behaviors that are appropriate for a particular situation (Rook, 1985). For example, a ritual script for funerals in the United States includes expectations of dressing in black attire, a ritual artifact symbolizing mourning and loss, and sequence of events including the presence of the deceased’s body and words of comfort from a respected figure, such as a priest. Individuals who assumed a particular identity within the ritual, a role in other words, act out these ritual scripts. The priest in the funeral example occupies a role in the ritual practice of a funeral. 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